New global actors for a multipolar world Daniele Lazzeri

Chairman of the think tank «Il Nodo di Gordio», scientiic Director of the Research Center «Vox Populi» (Italy)

The rapid political, economic and financial decline of the United States of America, has triggered a new multilateral era.

The American has been a kind of Roman Empire, passed directly from barbarism to decadence.

New and important global and regional players, in fact, put an end to the excess of power of the unilateral policy «strip and star.»

In particular, the Chinese giant who, holding more than one third of U.S. public debt, is emerging as a privileged and compulsory interlocutor for the United States.

At the same time, the tsunami of global inance, the weakness of the U.S. economy and the risk of a collapse of public debt and the dollar, pose a serious problem for Beijing too, putting at risk the currency reserves accumulated over time by China.

There are also countries like Turkey which are playing a crucial role restoring order to the Middle East chaos and to the confusion arising from the riots on the shores of North Africa. Riots, instigated by the centres of power and Western interests which are destabilizing the entire Mediterranean, with dangerous implications for the European social stability¹⁹.

A strange blend of materialistic consumerism and Islamic fundamentalism is undermining the foundations the root on which to build our Eurasia.

The scholars and friends, Alexandr Dugin and Leonid Savin, have well-studied in recent years the Eurasian perspective, as well as the insights made by the Research Center «Vox Populi»²⁰, lead to point out how it is achieving a just revenge of the geography and of geopolitics on the economic interests and on the inancial alchemies of the last thirty years. As proof of this concept there is the increasing nervousness with which the technocratic elite is moving, exerting an unprecedented pressure against the legitimately elected governments in Europe, but not only.

The military strategies, which have tried for decades, sometimes with success, to divide the peoples of Eurasia, begin to become less effective. Indeed, they risk of creating further and uncontrollable outcomes, destabilizing entire geographical areas.

We need new languages and to rewrite the history with new points of view. It is the important work carried out, for example, by Augusto Grandi, economic journalist of the highest Italian financial newspaper «Il Sole 24 Ore», who in a book, has rewritten in detail 150 of Italian history²¹.

As rightly pointed out by Andrea Marcigliano, a senior fellow of the think tank «Gordian Knot», after the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the implosion of the USSR «it had spread an illusory and, in many ways, pernicious idea: the belief that we had now come to a «unipolar» world with a single hegemonic power, the United States of America, and, above all, with a single «culture» represented by the free-marketism concept in economics and its liberal-democratic «superstructure «in politics»²².

A concept theorized by the neoconservative, Francis Fukuyama, in his «The End of History and the Last Man» who was forced to revise deeply his theories, under the pressure of events of the last two decades. Events that have cancelled the «dream of globalization»

drowning it in a bath of healthy reality. Reality which has shown that, after the end of the dualism of the Cold War, the world has become, or rather has returned to be more complicated. And also, inevitably, more dangerous. From the crisis of the former Yugoslavia to the Maghreb, from Central Asia to Latin America, from the Dark Continent to the Far East and everywhere have gone back to act and powerfully to manifest the dynamics of what wouldn't be wrong to define the new «Great global Game». A game which no super-power could and can really govern in solitude, especially since the epochal economic crisis of the recent years has seriously put into question the primacy of Washington.

Hence, inevitable, a world scenario in which various «powers» act and interact with. Great Powers, of course, like China, resurgent Russia and the U.S. itself, but also «medium» powers, or if we want powers of «area», with which even the Giants are learning to deal. And from <this so complex and intricate game which alone can raise that «concert» of powers , able of reshaping the global balance.

Balances, of course, always precarious and dangerous because continually changing. Yet the only equilibria that are emerging on our horizon. In short, a return in grand style, to the international politics and geopolitics. And a tombstone on the globalist utopias and on the dream (or nightmare) of a single Giant who stood around as planetary policeman.

Today things are very different. The recovery of different identities, the speciic political and cultural traditions must carry us out the schematics of the recent past. There is no «Democratic System» sole and indisputable. There are several approaches to modernity, or to the politics of participation, of social justice, of the equitable distribution of income and freedom. Because they move from different cultures and traditions distinct but not incompatible with each other.

Hence a variety of models that may well be alternative to each other, but complementary to each other. Coexist and cooperate.

The different cultural and national resurrected or re-discovered identities conirm the end of the long season of the blocks, can not,

however, remind of a pure and simple return to the past. To the past of the nation-states relegated in their particularism and their selfishness, today in fact powerless in face of the complexity of the world scenarios. The new actors of the Great Game, therefore, are rather intended to be aggregates / coalitions based on a common background, sometimes very ancient, such as Eurasian, because prior to the crushing of «large multiple identities» in those, more restricted, the nation states.

The birth of the Eurasian among Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus is an important example of these new combinations to cope with the deluge of the unique thought. A force, undoubtedly of economic nature, which disrupts the patterns designed in Washington and that will be attractive for many other «satellite» states in order to create an «Eurasian constellation».

Europe, however, driven by sheer by the inancial speculation in recent months and by a short-sighted French-German chauvinism, limps. The original error has been having staked everything on the importance of a single currency, that Euro which today is more a weakness than a strength for Europe, instead of working together to design a new common policy, now shows all its limits.

We should plan the overcoming of the old patterns in the international relations, focusing our attention in creating «cultural, political and economic bridges» with realities kept conined to mere business partners in the energy sector. An attempt which, thanks to the project «Beyond Lepanto. From the clash of yesterday the cartel today» for example, has launched new models of relations between the Latin and Central Europe and Turkey²³.

So how strong are the links established over the years with the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russia.